By J. Blackburn, T. Domin
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Example text
For the most part, the relays discussed are separate devices that are connected to the power system through CT and VTs from the highest system voltage (765 kV, at present) down to service levels of 480 V. In general, distribution equipment below 480 V is protected by fuses or protection devices that are integral with the equipment. Such devices are not discussed in depth here. 2 REGULATING RELAYS Regulating relays are associated with tap changers on transformers and on voltage regulators of generating equipment to control the voltage levels with varying loads.
System fault study 7. Maximum load and system swing limits 8. CT and VT locations, connections, and ratios 9. Future expansions expected or anticipated. More detail on these follows. 1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION A single-line diagram for application considerations or a three-line diagram for complete connections and panel-wiring drawings documenting the area to be studied and of the surrounding system should be available. The location of the circuit breakers, CT and VT, generators, buses, and taps on lines should be shown.
4 MONITORING RELAYS Monitoring relays are used to verify conditions in the power system or in the protective system. Examples in power systems are fault detectors, voltage check, or directional-sensing units that confirm power system conditions but do not directly sense the fault or trouble. In a protection system, they are used to monitor the continuity of circuits, such as pilot wires and trip circuits. In general, alarm units serve as monitoring functions. 5 AUXILIARY RELAYS Auxiliary units are used throughout a protective system for a variety of purposes.
Protective Relaying - Principles and Applns by J. Blackburn, T. Domin
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